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Hippolytus Guarinonius (18 November 1571 - 31 May 1654) was a physician and polymath who spent the main part of his life based at Hall in Tirol. He represented a militant strand of Catholicism and was instrumental in the building of the St Charles Church (''Karlskirche'') in Volders. He was also an instigator of the Andreas Oxner Anti-semitism cult. ==Life== Guarinonius was born in Trent, then a powerful bishopric, today a multi-lingual city in north-eastern Italy. His father, Bartolomeo Guearinius, the son of a physician and the grandson of a goldsmith, was called away to Vienna soon after the boy's birth, to take up a post as a physician at the court of Emperor Maximillian II. The mother of Guaronius, Catharina Pellegrini, came from an established Trent family, but due to family opposition his parents, though married, were not married to each other, which made Hippolytus Guarinonius illegitimate.〔 Issues regarding his birth status would be retrospectively resolved in 1618, however, when Pope Paul V declared that his parents ''had'' been married to each other. Despite reports to the contrary,〔 Hippolytus Guarinonius himself later recorded that he spent the first eleven years of his life growing up in Vienna till his father relocated to Prague in 1583, still a court physician, but now working for a new emperor, Rudolf II.〔 In Prague Guarinonius received an intensive and formative education as one of approximately 150 boarders at the Jesuit Gymnasium (secondary school).〔 Between 1593 and 1597 he studied Medicine at the University of Padua, where he qualified as a doctor in 1598. Directly following his studies he may had worked as a doctor in Trent (sources differ) but in or before 1601 he relocated to Hall in Tirol,〔 then an important administrative city in the Hapsburg territories, some 180 km (110 miles) to the north of Trent. One of his early appointments at Hall in Tirol came in 1601 when he was appointed Municipal Physican, which was a public appointment.〔 In 1607 he was appointed :de:Leibarztpersonal physician to the Archducesses Eleanor and Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria, Hapsburg siblings who had retreated to a monastic existence in the town following the disastrous marriage of one of them. In 1611/12 the town was hit by plague (probably bacterial typhus) and Guarinonius moved out of the town centre,〔 but he encouraged the construction of medical huts where plague victims could be accommodated in slightly more sanitary conditions, paying particular attention to preventive measures, attending to the operation of the mineral springs and encouraging physical health and exercise. He also coined the phrase, ''"Achtung auf die Natur und zurück zu ihr, Maßhalten in jedem!"''〔"Achtung auf die Natur und zurück zu ihr, Maßhalten in jedem!" (loosely: ''"Watch out for Nature and respect her: Moderation in all things!"'').〕〔Josef Hirn: ''Erzherzog Maximilian der Deutschmeister'', Innsbruck 1915/36, p. 459.〕 A singular passion for Guarinonius was the strengthening and updating of Catholicism. This won him plaudits in conservative circles but also made him a controversial figure for the town council and for other fellow citizens, some of whom founds Guarinonius an unscrupulous tactician. Sometimes his fanaticism was too much even for his Jesuit mentors. In 1611 his behaviour was robustly denounced〔„Mein Gott, was hebt der guete Dr. Guarinoni nit an! Wäre wol besser, er bliebe bey seiner Fakultät!"〕 to the Archduke by the Bolzano theosophist, Adam Haslmayr. Haslmayr's intemperate outburst earned him a punishing stretch as a Genoa galley slave, although he survived the experience.〔: ''Frühes Wissen. Auf der Suche nach vormodernen Wissensformen in Bozen und Tirol''. In: (Ed.): ''Universitas Est. Bd. I: Essays zur Bildungsgeschichte in Tirol/Südtirol vom Mittelalter bis zur Freien Universität Bozen''. Bozen: Bozen/Bolzano University Press 2008, pp. 35–87 (notably 44–47)〕 From 1620 till his death Guarinonius directed the construction of the St Charles Church (''Karlskirche'') in Volders, which was built according to his own design. He was also responsible for the construction of several other religious buildings. At the same time Guarinonius continued to publish medical and religious texts during this period.〔 In 1628 he was authorized by , the Bishop of Brixen, to "catechize" in the mountain villages as a Catholic lay preacher (''Laientheologe''). He thus became what he himself termed a "secular Jesuit" (''"weltlicher Jesuiter"''). He interpreted his role not merely as that of a preacher of morality and discipline, but as a one-man vice-squad. Everywhere he looked he saw frivolity and "beastliness" (''"Lüderlichkeit"''). His condemnations were unrelentingly harsh. Possibly because of his strenuous efforts for the public good, the Emperor Ferdinand II appointed him to an honorific court medical post (''Erzarzt von und zu Hoffberg und Volderthurn''), while the pope made him a Vatican Knight of the Golden Spur. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hippolytus Guarinonius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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